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Building in New York Art Deco Engraving Outside Near Grand Central Station

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Office skyscraper in Manhattan, New York

U.s. historic place

Chanin Building

U.S. National Register of Historic Places

NYC LandmarkNo. 0993
Chanin Building, side up.jpg

(2003)
Location 122 East 42nd Street
Manhattan, New York
Coordinates 40°45′04″N 73°58′36″W  /  40.75111°North 73.97667°W  / 40.75111; -73.97667 Coordinates: 40°45′04″North 73°58′36″West  /  twoscore.75111°North 73.97667°W  / 40.75111; -73.97667
Built 1927–1929
Architect Sloan & Robertson
Rene Chambellan
Architectural manner Art Deco
NRHP referenceNo. 80002676[1]
NYCLNo. 0993
Significant dates
Added to NRHP Apr 23, 1980
Designated NYCL November 14, 1978

The Chanin Building ( CHAN-in [a]), also known as 122 East 42nd Street, is a 56-story part skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan in New York Urban center. Information technology is on the southwest corner of 42nd Street and Lexington Artery, nearly Grand Central Terminal to the n and adjacent to 110 East 42nd Street to the west. The building is named for Irwin South. Chanin, its programmer.

The construction was designed in the Art Deco style past John Sloan and T. Markoe Robertson of the house Sloan & Robertson, with the assistance of Chanin's architect Jacques Delamarre. It incorporates architectural sculpture by Rene Paul Chambellan, equally well as a facade of brick and terracotta. The skyscraper reaches 680 anxiety (210 m), with a 649-foot-tall (198 m) roof topped by a 31-foot (9.4 chiliad) spire. The Chanin Building includes numerous setbacks to arrange with the 1916 Zoning Resolution.

The Chanin Building was constructed in 1927–1929 on the site of a warehouse, one of the concluding remaining undeveloped sites around Grand Central Terminal. Upon opening, the building was almost fully rented, and it was the third-tallest building in New York City. Over the years, the upper floors have contained a movie house, observation deck, and radio broadcast station, while the lower floors were used as offices and a bus terminal. The edifice was designated a New York City landmark in 1978, and was added to the National Annals of Historic Places in 1980.

Site [edit]

The building is at 122 Due east 42nd Street in the Midtown and Murray Hill neighborhoods of Manhattan in New York City. It is bounded by Lexington Artery to the east, 42nd Street to the north, and 41st Street to the south.[2] [3] The lot measures 125 anxiety (38 m) forth 42nd Street, 175 feet (53 grand) along 41st Street, and 197.5 feet (threescore.2 m) along Lexington Artery.[four] It is office of the Terminal City area around Grand Central Terminal; straight to the west are 110 Eastward 42nd Street and the Pershing Square Building.[5] The M Hyatt New York hotel is located beyond 42nd Street,[5] [half-dozen] while the Socony–Mobil Building is located beyond Lexington Avenue and the Chrysler Edifice is diagonally across both streets.[v]

Architecture [edit]

The Chanin Building was designed by Sloan & Robertson in the Art Deco style. Though the exterior contains a relatively muted design, the interior contains ample ornament.[seven] The building'south design took several elements from Eliel Saarinen'due south Tribune Tower design.[8] [9] [10] The Chanin Building is 649 feet (198 m) tall to its roof, or 680 feet (210 g) tall when including its spire.[11] The Chanin Building's massing influenced that of other skyscrapers in New York Metropolis, including the Wall and Hanover Building, 444 Madison Avenue, and 22 Eastward 40th Street.[12] The design was mostly the work of Rene Paul Chambellan and Jacques Delamarre.[xiii] [14] [15] The old specialized in architectural sculpture in numerous styles, such as the Art Deco style,[13] [14] while the latter led the staff of the Chanin Company.[sixteen]

Course [edit]

The Chanin Building employs a series of setbacks[7] [9] [16] that cease in a "vigorous, toothed" superlative.[vii] Because of the varying widths of the surrounding streets, iii split up groups of setbacks were mandated for each elevation of the facade as per the 1916 Zoning Resolution.[9] [17] [18] This led critic Matlack Price to write the Chanin Building was "design[ed] in masses rather than in facades".[19] [xx] The Chanin Building'south massing was inspired past that of Eliel Saarinen'south unbuilt proposal for Chicago's Tribune Tower.[16]

The lowest four stories occupy the entire building lot.[10] [21] Forth the northward elevation on 42nd Street and the southward acme on 41st Street, the entirety of the facade is fix back at a uniform depth.[16] The central trophy of the eastern meridian on Lexington Avenue are set back at the fifth story, while the outer bays go on upward without setting back.[10] [16] [21] According to one writer, this made the Lexington Artery elevation appear as a "behemothic medieval two-towered facade".[16] The subsequent stories form a jagged "pyramid", with setbacks above the 17th, 30th, and 52nd stories.[x] [21]

Facade [edit]

Lower section of the facade, as seen from across 42nd Street; the Socony–Mobil Building is visible at left

The Chanin Edifice is clad with buff brick, limestone, and terracotta.[4] [thirteen] [sixteen] The facade also contains bronze, marble, and custom-designed colored glass ornament.[22] At that place are 3 entrances to the edifice's function stories, which are ornamented with 8 plaster reliefs of personified figures against a geometric blueprint. Two of the reliefs symbolize achievement and success, while the other six depict physical and mental attributes by which those objectives are attained.[23] The base of the building bears black Belgian marble around the storefront windows, which are each fabricated of plate glass.[21] [xiii] [24] These storefront windows correspond to 2 bays on upper stories, allowing for wide displays.[24] Straight higher up, a bronze frieze depicts scenes of development, ranging from simple organisms to more than complex animals and plants.[xiii] [21] [25] [26] A 2d terracotta frieze runs the whole length of the lower facade, presenting a dramatic drove of angular zigzags and curvy leaves.[13] [21] [26] [27] A bas-relief by Edward Trumbull, designed in the Art Deco style, wraps effectually the facade.[iii] [vii]

The facade continues upward in relatively simple tones.[7] [xx] The 2d and third floors include bronze-framed groups of triple-paned windows, with statuary Art Deco spandrel panels between the floors. Each grouping is separated by vertical piers made of limestone, topped by elaborate capitals. The fourth story is faced with ornate terracotta panels depicting plants, evoking the stylized forms common in the Art Deco way.[21] In that location are buttresses on the fifth and sixth stories of the Lexington Avenue elevation's cardinal bays, as well as at the corners of the 30th through 49th stories.[28] The crown, above the Chanin Visitor's 52nd-story offices, contains abstract-patterned projecting ornament, with buttresses outside the 53rd floor.[13] [29]

Originally, 212 artificial candles at the crown of the Chanin Building provided the equivalent of 30 million candlepower.[13] [30] These lights, meant to highlight the details of the building, were characteristic of the Art Deco style;[29] on clement nights, they could be seen from more than than 40 miles (64 km) away.[seven] [sixteen] They had been toned downwards past the late twentieth century.[29] The lights are no longer in use merely remain in place. During the daytime, the building's crown appeared as a solid mass.[sixteen]

Interior [edit]

Lobby [edit]

The entrance hall is accessed by passageways from 42nd and 41st Streets, with a side entrance from Lexington Avenue.[31] The vestibule is busy in a "mod" style themed effectually "The City of Opportunity".[13] [32] [33] Eight statuary reliefs designed by Chambellan perch to a higher place ornate bronze radiator grilles. The grilles depict iv categories of physical and mental life.[13] [34] [27] The bronze ornamentation continues in the waves on the floor, mailboxes, and lift doors extending the general Art Deco style from the outside in.[26] [32] The lobby also contains other ornamentation such as terrazzo floors with bronze inlays, besides as tan marble walls.[27] [31] Originally, the floors had lozenge-shaped panels, only heavy pedestrian traffic wore down these panels over the years.[27]

Marble stairs lead to the basement where in that location are connections to Grand Central Terminal and the New York Urban center Subway's Grand Central–42nd Street station.[14] [33] Besides inside are 21 high speed passenger elevators, dissever into three elevator banks,[four] [31] too as 1 service elevator. When the building opened, the first flooring, mezzanine, and second floor were used by banks and other commercial concerns.[iv] The storefronts opened both inward into the lobby and outward onto the sidewalk.[24] The storefront windows in the lobby are more than ornate versions of those exterior.[26]

The antechamber originally contained a "deluxe" bus terminal operated by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.[35] The terminal was outfitted with marble surfaces and too independent waiting rooms and ticket offices.[36] Buses would pull onto a revolving turntable within the terminal, which received boarding passengers on i side and deposited alighting passengers on the other.[32] The coach terminal closed subsequently the railroad discontinued all passenger service n of Baltimore in 1958.[37]

Upper floors [edit]

The third through 48th floors consist nigh entirely of leasable office infinite, while the 49th and 50th floors contain the Chanin brothers' boardroom and offices.[4] When completed, the 50th floor also had a pocket-size cinema (known equally the Chanin Auditorium), afterward converted into the Chanin Organization's offices.[22] [28] [12] The auditorium had 200 seats across an orchestra and a balustrade level. It besides had a stage and projection booth, allowing the venue to be used for films, plays, concerts, and radio shows. In addition, tenants used the auditorium for meetings, and the space likewise held conferences and conventions.[38]

The floors above were originally the offices of the Chanin Arrangement, with an Art Deco restroom that a building trade convention's judges referred to equally "America's finest bath".[22] [32] [24] Irwin Chanin's 52nd-story offices were accessed through a ready of wrought-fe gates designed past Chambellan.[23] [32] The gates are busy with symbols of "the spirit of modernistic industry", such every bit cog wheels and coins.[23] There were bronze vector grilles within the office.[32] Chanin also busy his offices with wrought contumely and fe; etched glass; and several types of marbles, woods, and leathers. His reception room had complementary furniture and wall paneling, too as recessed ceiling lamps.[sixteen] The reception room also contains illuminated panels depicting areas in which Chanin was an agile developer, such as bridges, skyscrapers, Broadway theaters, and rapid transit.[39]

As a dominant landmark in the midtown skyline upon its opening, the building had an open-air observation deck on the 54th floor.[xvi] [32] Information technology was i of iii open-air observatories in the city post-obit World War II, the others being at 30 Rockefeller Plaza and at the Empire State Edifice, though there had been several other ascertainment decks in the city prior to the war. The Chanin Edifice only charged 25 cents for access, since it was not as well known equally the other two buildings with outdoor observatories.[40] Over the years, several people take committed suicide by jumping off the 54th floor observation deck.[41] [42] In later years, other nearby buildings surpassed the Chanin Building in top (including the Chrysler Building, diagonally across Lexington Artery and 42nd Street), and then the observation deck was closed in the mid-20th century.[22]

Embrasures at the top of the Chanin Building

Close-up of the embrasures at the Chanin Edifice'south crenellated summit

The meridian of the building was used as a transmission site for WQXR-FM starting on December 15, 1941, when information technology was relocated from Long Isle City in Queens.[43] In 1965, the transmitter was moved to the Empire State Building.[44]

History [edit]

The completion of the undercover Chiliad Cardinal Last in 1913 resulted in the rapid evolution of Terminal City, the area effectually M Fundamental, too equally a respective increment in real-estate prices.[45] Among these were the New York Central Building at 47th Street and Park Artery, as well as the Chiliad Central Palace across 42nd Street from the present Chanin Building.[46] By 1920, the surface area had become what The New York Times called "a swell civic centre".[47] One site that had yet to be redeveloped was the Manhattan Storage Warehouse, which was built in 1882[4] [x] and still occupied the site of the Chanin Edifice.[iv] [18]

Irwin Chanin was an American architect and real estate developer who designed several Art Deco towers and Broadway theaters.[48] [49] He and his blood brother Henry I. Chanin designed their get-go Manhattan buildings in 1924.[2] They then built and operated a number of theaters and other structures related to the entertainment industry, including the Roxy Theatre and the Hotel Lincoln.[2] [49] [50] [51] Chanin believed the area around Yard Central Concluding had potential for growth because of the construction of hotels and apartment buildings at Tudor City, Sutton Place, and Lexington and Park Avenues.[52] [53]

Development [edit]

The first program for a skyscraper at the Chanin Building site was made in 1925, when a programmer proposed a 35-story skyscraper.[10] The Chanins took over an existing 105-year leasehold for the land underneath the Manhattan Storage Warehouse in August 1926.[eighteen] [54] [55] The Chanin brothers initially envisioned a bulky square 45-story tower designed by Rouse & Goldstone.[ten]

The brothers all the same had a reputation for beingness involved mostly in the theater manufacture. According to one author, when the Chanins started clearing the site in 1927, many members of the full general public could not tell "whether the Chanins were builders or [...] theater-owners who had taken upwardly edifice every bit a sideline."[56] The warehouse itself was difficult to articulate, since its 5-foot-thick (ane.v thousand) walls had been designed to protect against "burglary, burn and assault".[57] The procedure entailed clearing away 7,500 truck loads of brick, i,000 of scrap metal, and 3,500 of loose earth.[58] The official plans for the Chanin Building were filed with the New York City Department of Buildings in June 1927, at which point 60 percentage of the warehouse had been demolished. Sloan & Robertson, architects of the nearby Graybar Building, Pershing Foursquare Building, and 110 East 42nd Street, were hired to design the Chanin Building.[4]

Once the foundation had been laid, the showtime steel columns were installed in January 1928, with Irwin Due south. Chanin driving in the first rivet.[18] [59] The steel frame weighed an estimated fifteen,000 short tons (13,000 long tons) and was held together past 1.5 million rivets and 160,000 bolts.[60] Crowds oft stopped to observe the construction process.[61] The erection of the frame was non without problems: in one incident, the boom of a structure derrick fell from the 20th floor, nearly splitting a truck in half, though no i was injured or killed.[62] The steelwork was completed by that June,[threescore] and as was tradition at the time, two gold rivets for the Chanin Building were driven into the frame on July two to mark this event.[63] The edifice held its topping out ceremony in August 1928.[33]

Usage [edit]

Viewed from abreast the Chrysler Building, on the opposite corner of Lexington Avenue and 42nd Street

The structure was alleged complete on Jan 23, 1929, exactly one year after the first rivet had been driven into the edifice.[63] It opened Jan 29 at an estimated cost of $12-14 meg, with an informal opening attended by mayor Jimmy Walker.[33] [64] The Chanin Edifice thus became the starting time major skyscraper in Terminal City, and the 3rd-tallest building in New York Metropolis behind the Woolworth Building and the Metropolitan Life Insurance Visitor Tower.[18] [10] The Chanin Building had more floors than the Woolworth, despite being 112 feet (34 m) shorter.[x] Though the Chanin Building was later surpassed in height past other buildings, including the adjacent 1,046-foot (319 m) Chrysler Building that opened a year later,[65] Irwin Chanin was instead focused on attracting tenants with an "efficient, upward-to-appointment" facility.[18]

Upon opening, the Chanin Edifice was almost fully rented.[56] The builders projected that by September 1, 1929, the building would exist lxx pct rented, though the actual occupancy rate at that date was 92%. Furthermore, in 1930, The New York Times reported that 95 percent of the structure's 710,000 foursquare feet (66,000 m2) was occupied by 9,000 workers.[66] Initially, the anteroom space was occupied by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's bus terminal, ticket offices, and waiting rooms.[36] The role space included such tenants as the Kimberly-Clark paper company,[67] Pan American Petroleum and Transport Company,[68] and Fairchild Shipping,[69] while the Chanin company took all the space above the 50th floor.[7] In improver, the Sterling National Banking concern took up much of the mezzanine space on the Lexington Artery side,[70] and a self-service and table-service restaurant opened in the basement.[71] Through the Great Depression, leasing proceeded actively.[72]

The edifice'southward owners filed to reorganize the operations of the Lexington Avenue and 42nd Street Corporation, which operated the Chanin Building, in 1947.[73] In subsequent years, the Chanin Edifice continued to attract tenants such every bit Guest Keen and Nettlefolds,[74] a Howard Johnson's eating house,[75] and the Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign's New York state headquarters.[76] In improver, the building hosted U.Due south. Chess Championships.[77] Despite this success, the Chanin Building faced some bug: its owners, forth with those of the Nelson Tower and Century Apartments, were charged with real estate tax fraud in 1974.[78] The Chanin Edifice'south owners were estimated to have evaded $138,549 in real estate taxes.[79]

The Chanin Building was designated a metropolis landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1978,[lxxx] and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.[81] By the 1990s, the building was owned by a syndicate headed by Stanley Stahl.[82] [83] Mod tenants include the Apple tree Bank for Savings,[84] of which Stahl was the simply stockholder,[85] besides as the International Rescue Commission, which had moved to the building in 1994.[82] [86]

Disquisitional reception [edit]

Shortly after the building's completion, architectural critic Matlack Price wrote in an Architectural Forum commodity that the edifice was "a splendid contribution to the architecture of all time", and that "The architects take not here compromised a fine vision either with major errors in scale or with minor trivialities."[xix] [87] A promotional brochure, with artwork by Hugh Ferriss, described the Chanin Building equally the "mise en scène for the romantic drama of American business."[10] Paul Goldberger of The New York Times said that the Chanin Building was "one of the pre-eminent pieces of American Art Deco—a gracefully ornamented, 56-story slab".[88] The fifth edition of the AIA Guide to New York Metropolis, published in 2010, characterized the Chanin Building as being "archetype mode, rather than fashionable ephemera. Such distinguished cocky-improvement seems beyond the grasp of electric current developers."[50]

The interior blueprint of the building was also praised. Herbert Muschamp wrote in 1992 that the Chanin Building "tells a story of New York every bit the legendary buoy for immigrants", and that its numerous amenities "were integral to the Chanin Building's drama".[89] Historian Donald 50. Miller stated, "Restrained on the outside, the within is exuberantly ornate".[seven]

Run into also [edit]

  • List of tallest buildings in New York Metropolis
  • List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets
  • National Annals of Celebrated Places listings in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets

References [edit]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ This pronunciation is noted in other discussions of Chanin'south work. Encounter, for example:
    • "Imperial". Spotlight on Broadway . Retrieved April xv, 2022.

Citations [edit]

  1. ^ "National Annals Information Organization". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1978, p. 1; National Park Service 1980, p. 4.
  3. ^ a b White, Willensky & Leadon 2010, p. 314.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Chanins Will Build $12,000,000 Tower; 52-Story Office Building Will Rising in Lexington Avenue, Betwixt 41st and 42d". The New York Times. June 22, 1927. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  5. ^ a b c White, Willensky & Leadon 2010, p. 315.
  6. ^ Goldberger, Paul (January 11, 1978). "The Commodore Being Born Again". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  7. ^ a b c d e f k h Miller 2015, p. 245.
  8. ^ Robinson, Cervin. (1975). Skyscraper fashion : art deco, New York. Bletter, Rosemarie Haag. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 3. ISBN0-xix-501873-7. OCLC 1266717.
  9. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1978, p. iii; National Park Service 1980, p. 7.
  10. ^ a b c d e f yard h i j Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987, p. 597.
  11. ^ "Chanin Edifice – The Skyscraper Center". world wide web.skyscrapercenter.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved March i, 2020.
  12. ^ a b Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987, p. 599.
  13. ^ a b c d e f thou h i j Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987, p. 598.
  14. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1978, p. three; National Park Service 1980, p. 3.
  15. ^ Robins 2017, pp. 84–85.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Reynolds 1994, p. 276.
  17. ^ "The Chanin Building, New York Metropolis". Compages and Building. Vol. 61. February 1929. p. 39.
  18. ^ a b c d e f Landmarks Preservation Commission 1978, p. ii; National Park Service 1980, p. 6.
  19. ^ a b Architectural Forum 1929, p. 699.
  20. ^ a b Robins 2017, p. 84.
  21. ^ a b c d eastward f g Landmarks Preservation Committee 1978, p. 3; National Park Service 1980, p. 2.
  22. ^ a b c d "Atop the Former Observation Deck of NYC'southward Chanin Building". Untapped New York. March 30, 2018. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved Feb 28, 2020.
  23. ^ a b c Reynolds 1994, p. 279.
  24. ^ a b c d Reynolds 1994, p. 277.
  25. ^ Ermengem, Kristiaan Van. "Chanin Building, New York City". A View On Cities. Archived from the original on October 18, 2019. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  26. ^ a b c d Reynolds 1994, p. 278.
  27. ^ a b c d Robins 2017, p. 85.
  28. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1978, p. 4; National Park Service 1980, p. 2.
  29. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1978, p. 4; National Park Service 1980, p. 3.
  30. ^ "To Calorie-free New Skyscraper; Equivalent of 30,000,000 Candle power for Chanin edifice". The New York Times. January 14, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  31. ^ a b c National Park Service 1980, p. 3.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g Miller 2015, p. 246.
  33. ^ a b c d "Walker at Opening of Chanin Building; Other Officials Visit Tallest Skyscraper in the Midtown Section". The New York Times. January thirty, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  34. ^ Architectural Forum 1929, p. 698.
  35. ^ Grey, Christopher (Nov 3, 2011). "A Double-decker Concluding, Overshadowed and Unmourned". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 6, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  36. ^ a b "B. & O. Opens Bus Station; Inaugurates Passenger vehicle Service in Chanin Building Today". The New York Times. December 17, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved Feb 28, 2020.
  37. ^ Matteo, Thomas (April 23, 2015). "B&O Railroad had strong presence on Staten Island for 100 years". Staten Island Advance. Archived from the original on Feb 29, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  38. ^ Reynolds 1994, pp. 278–279.
  39. ^ Reynolds 1994, pp. 279–280.
  40. ^ Lindheim, Burton (August 31, 1947). "Sight-Seeing from New York's Skyscrapers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on Feb 28, 2020. Retrieved Feb 28, 2020.
  41. ^ "Nurse Killed in Plunge; Mother of Two Leaps From the Chanin Building Tower". The New York Times. July 6, 1946. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on Feb 28, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  42. ^ "Woman Dies in Plunge; Drops From Observation Belfry of the Chanin Building". The New York Times. November 13, 1947. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved Feb 28, 2020.
  43. ^ Frequency Modulation Business. 1946. p. 35. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  44. ^ "A Visual History of WQXR : Slideshow". WQXR. Archived from the original on Feb 28, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  45. ^ Fitch, James Marston; Waite, Diana S. (1974). Grand Cardinal Terminal and Rockefeller Centre: A Historic-critical Estimate of Their Significance. Albany, New York: The Partition. p. 6.
  46. ^ "Pershing Foursquare Building" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. Nov 25, 2016. p. v. Archived (PDF) from the original on Feb 8, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2020.
  47. ^ "Another Building For Terminal Zone; 12-Story Commercial Structure to be Erected Opposite the Commodore Hotel". The New York Times. September 14, 1920. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved Oct 17, 2019.
  48. ^ Dunlap, David W. (February 26, 1988). "Irwin Chanin, Architect of Theaters And Art Deco Towers, Dies at 96". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 27, 2020. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
  49. ^ a b Reynolds 1994, p. 275.
  50. ^ a b White, Willensky & Leadon 2010, p. 316.
  51. ^ Miller 2015, p. 234.
  52. ^ "Midtown Zone is Big Business Area; Skyscraper Evolution in Thousand Fundamental District Exceeding Downtown Locality" (PDF). The New York Times. January six, 1929. p. R201. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  53. ^ "400 Madison Avenue" (PDF). New York Metropolis Landmarks Preservation Committee. November 22, 2016. p. 5. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  54. ^ "42nd Street Charter hold Brings Million: Control of Old Manhattan Warehouse Bought Bought past New Syndicate as Site for 45-Story Building". New York Herald Tribune. August 11, 1926. p. 33. ProQuest 1112603166. Retrieved October 25, 2020 – via ProQuest.
  55. ^ "Program Monumental Office Building For Grand Central Zone 'Corner' Plot". The New York Times. August fifteen, 1926. p. RE1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 1036581356. Retrieved October 25, 2020 – via ProQuest.
  56. ^ a b Miller 2015, p. 232.
  57. ^ Miller 2015, p. 235.
  58. ^ Contractors and Engineers. Buttenheim-Dix Publishing Corporation. 1928. p. 130. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  59. ^ "Chanins Set Steel; Commencement Columns Placed for Fiftytwo-Story Building". The New York Times. January xx, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  60. ^ a b "Gold Rivet for Chanin Building". The New York Times. June 29, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved Feb 28, 2020.
  61. ^ Miller 2015, p. 237.
  62. ^ Miller 2015, p. 240.
  63. ^ a b Miller 2015, p. 245; Landmarks Preservation Committee 1978, p. 2; National Park Service 1980, p. 6.
  64. ^ "Mayor Walker Opens 56-Story Chanin Edifice". The Brooklyn Citizen. January 30, 1929. p. 5. Retrieved January 23, 2020 – via newspapers.com.
  65. ^ "Chrysler Building, City's Highest, Open". The New York Times. May 28, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March one, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2020.
  66. ^ "Chanin Edifice 95% Rented". The New York Times. January 30, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  67. ^ "Newspaper Company Leases; Kimberly-Clark Co. Takes Floor in New Chanin Building". The New York Times. January 24, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  68. ^ "Chanin Building Charter; Pan-American Petroleum Takes 3 Floors--Other Space Deals". The New York Times. Baronial 16, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on Feb 28, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  69. ^ "Leases in Chanin Building; Fairchild Aviation Corp. Takes Forty-eighth Floor". The New York Times. January 26, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  70. ^ "Sterling National in Chanin Building". The New York Times. February five, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  71. ^ "Leases in Chanin Building; Substitution Buffet Affiliate to Operate Two Restaurants". The New York Times. June 13, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  72. ^ "Tenants Renew Leases; Chanin Building Renting Is Reported Active". The New York Times. December 15, 1937. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  73. ^ "Rabin Named Referee; Will Study Plans for the Chanin Building Reorganization". The New York Times. June 29, 1945. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on Feb 29, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  74. ^ "Space is Leased by Steel Establish; Cardiff Business organisation Gets Part in Chanin Building". The New York Times. November half dozen, 1961. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
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Sources [edit]

  • "Chanin Edifice" (PDF). Architectural Forum. Vol. 50. May 1929. pp. 693–700 (PDF 101–108).
    • Adams, Rayne (May 1929). "The Reliefs and Grilles of the Chanin Edifice Vestibules" (PDF). Architectural Forum. Vol. 50. pp. 693–698 (PDF 101–106).
    • Cost, Matlack (May 1929). "The Chanin Building" (PDF). Architectural Forum. Vol. 50. pp. 699–700 (PDF 107–108).
  • "Chanin Edifice" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. Nov 14, 1978.
  • "Celebrated Structures Report: Chanin Building" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. Apr 23, 1980.
  • Miller, D.Fifty. (2015). Supreme Metropolis: How Jazz Age Manhattan Gave Nascency to Modern America. Simon & Schuster. ISBN978-i-4165-5020-4.
  • Reynolds, Donald (1994). The Compages of New York City: Histories and Views of Important Structures, Sites, and Symbols. New York: J. Wiley. ISBN978-0-471-01439-3. OCLC 45730295.
  • Robins, Anthony W. (2017). New York Art Deco: A Guide to Gotham'south Jazz Historic period Compages. Excelsior Editions. Country University of New York Press. ISBN978-i-4384-6396-4. OCLC 953576510.
  • Stern, Robert A. 1000.; Gilmartin, Patrick; Mellins, Thomas (1987). New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Betwixt the 2 Globe Wars. New York: Rizzoli. ISBN978-0-8478-3096-ane. OCLC 13860977.
  • White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot & Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19538-386-vii.

External links [edit]

  • NYC-Architecture: Chanin Building
  • in-Arch.net: The Chanin Building
  • Museum of the City of New York: Chanin Edifice (77 photos, 1927–1954)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanin_Building

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